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Grade Level:Kindergarten
K-2 Benchmark
A. Identify practices and products of diverse cultures.
Y2003.CSS.S02.GKG-02.BA.LKG.I01
Cultures /
01. Identify ways that individuals in the family, school and community are unique and ways that they are the same.

K-2 Benchmark
B. Identify ways that different cultures within the United States and the world have shaped our national heritage.
Y2003.CSS.S02.GKG-02.BB.LKG.I02
Diffusion /
02. Identify different cultures through the study of holidays, customs and traditions utilizing language, stories, folktales, music and the arts.

Grade Level:Grade One
K-2 Benchmark
A. Identify practices and products of diverse cultures.
Y2003.CSS.S02.GKG-02.BA.L01.I01
Cultures /
01. Describe similarities and differences in the ways different cultures meet common human needs including:
  • Food;
  • Clothing;
  • Shelter;
  • Language;
  • Artistic expressions.

K-2 Benchmark
B. Identify ways that different cultures within the United States and the world have shaped our national heritage.
Y2003.CSS.S02.GKG-02.BB.L01.I02
Diffusion /
02. Identify cultural practices of a culture on each continent through the study of the folktales, music and art created by people living in that culture.
Y2003.CSS.S02.GKG-02.BB.L01.I03
Diffusion /
03. Describe family and local community customs and traditions.
Y2003.CSS.S02.GKG-02.BB.L01.I04
Diffusion /
04. Describe life in other countries with emphasis on daily life, including roles of men, women and children.

Grade Level:Grade Two
K-2 Benchmark
A. Identify practices and products of diverse cultures.
Y2003.CSS.S02.GKG-02.BA.L02.I01
Cultures /
01. Describe the cultural practices and products of people on different continents.

K-2 Benchmark
B. Identify ways that different cultures within the United States and the world have shaped our national heritage.
Y2003.CSS.S02.GKG-02.BB.L02.I02
Diffusion /
02. Describe ways in which language, stories, folktales, music and artistic creations serve as expressions of culture and influence the behavior of people living in a particular culture.
Y2003.CSS.S02.GKG-02.BB.L02.I03
Diffusion /
03. Explain how contributions of different cultures within the United States have influenced our common national heritage.
Y2003.CSS.S02.GKG-02.BB.L02.I04
Diffusion /
04. Describe the contributions of significant individuals, including artisans, inventors, scientists, architects, explorers and political leaders to the cultural heritage of the United States.

Grade Level:Grade Three
3-5 Benchmark
A. Compare practices and products of North American cultural groups.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G03-05.BA.L03.I01
Cultures /
01. Compare some of the cultural practices and products of various groups of people who have lived in the local community including:
  • Artistic expression;
  • Religion;
  • Language;
  • Food.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G03-05.BA.L03.I02
Cultures /
02. Compare the cultural practices and products of the local community with those of other communities in Ohio, the United States and countries of the world.

3-5 Benchmark
B. Explain the reasons people from various cultural groups came to North America and the consequences of their interactions with each other.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G03-05.BB.L03.I03
Interaction /
03. Describe settlement patterns of various cultural groups within the local community.

Grade Level:Grade Four
3-5 Benchmark
A. Compare practices and products of North American cultural groups.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G03-05.BA.L04.I01
Cultures /
01. Describe the cultural practices and products of various groups who have settled in Ohio over time:
  • The Paleo Indians, Archaic Indians, Woodland Indians (Adena and Hopewell) and Late Prehistoric Indians (Fort Ancient);
  • Historic Indians of Ohio (Ottawa, Wyandot, Mingo, Miami, Shawnee and Delaware);
  • European immigrants;
  • Amish and Appalachian populations;
  • African-Americans;
  • Recent immigrants from Africa, Asia and Latin America.

3-5 Benchmark
B. Explain the reasons people from various cultural groups came to North America and the consequences of their interactions with each other.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G03-05.BB.L04.I02
Interaction /
02. Describe the impact of the expansion of European settlements on American Indians in Ohio.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G03-05.BB.L04.I03
Interaction /
03. Explain the reasons people came to Ohio including:
  • Opportunities in agriculture, mining and manufacturing;
  • Family ties;
  • Freedom from political and religious oppression.

Grade Level:Grade Five
3-5 Benchmark
A. Compare practices and products of North American cultural groups.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G03-05.BA.L05.I01
Cultures /
01. Compare the cultural practices and products of diverse groups in North America including:
  • Artistic expressions;
  • Religion;
  • Language;
  • Food;
  • Clothing;
  • Shelter.

3-5 Benchmark
B. Explain the reasons people from various cultural groups came to North America and the consequences of their interactions with each other.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G03-05.BB.L05.I02
Interaction /
02. Compare life on Indian reservations today with the cultural traditions of American Indians before the reservation system.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G03-05.BB.L05.I03
Interaction /
03. Describe the experiences of African-Americans under the institution of slavery.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G03-05.BB.L05.I04
Interaction /
04. Describe the waves of immigration to North America and the areas from which people came in each wave.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G03-05.BB.L05.I05
Interaction /
05. Compare reasons for immigration to North America with the reality immigrants experienced upon arrival.

Grade Level:Grade Six
6-8 Benchmark
A. Compare cultural practices, products and perspectives of past civilizations in order to understand commonality and diversity of cultures.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G06-08.BA.L06.I01
Cultures /
01. Compare the cultural practices and products of the societies studied including:
  • Class structure;
  • Gender roles;
  • Beliefs;
  • Customs and traditions.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G06-08.BA.L06.I02
Cultures /
02. Compare world religions and belief systems focusing on geographic origins, founding leaders and teachings including:
  • Buddhism;
  • Christianity;
  • Judaism;
  • Hinduism;
  • Islam.

6-8 Benchmark
B. Analyze examples of interactions between cultural groups and explain the factors that contribute to cooperation and conflict.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G06-08.BB.L06.I03
Interaction /
03. Explain factors that foster conflict or cooperation among countries:
  • Language;
  • Religion;
  • Types of government;
  • Historic relationships;
  • Economic interests.

Grade Level:Grade Seven
6-8 Benchmark
A. Compare cultural practices, products and perspectives of past civilizations in order to understand commonality and diversity of cultures.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G06-08.BA.L07.I01
Cultures /
01. Analyze the relationships among cultural practices, products and perspectives of early civilizations.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G06-08.BA.L07.I02
Cultures /
02. Explain how the Silk Road trade and the Crusades affected the cultures of the people involved.

6-8 Benchmark
C. Explain how contact between different cultures impacts the diffusion of belief systems, art, science, technology, language and forms of government.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G06-08.BC.L07.I03
Diffusion /
03. Give examples of contacts among different cultures that led to the changes in belief systems, art, science, technology, language or systems of government.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G06-08.BC.L07.I04
Diffusion /
04. Describe the cultural and scientific legacies of African, Greek, Roman, Chinese, Arab and European civilizations.

Grade Level:Grade Eight
6-8 Benchmark
B. Analyze examples of interactions between cultural groups and explain the factors that contribute to cooperation and conflict.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G06-08.BB.L08.I01
Interaction /
01. Trace the development of religious diversity in the colonies, and analyze how the concept of religious freedom has evolved in the United States.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G06-08.BB.L08.I02
Interaction /
02. Describe and explain the social, economic and political effects of:
  • Stereotyping and prejudice;
  • Racism and discrimination;
  • Institutionalized racism and institutionalized discrimination.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G06-08.BB.L08.I03
Interaction /
03. Analyze how contact between white settlers and American Indians resulted in treaties, land acquisition and Indian removal.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G06-08.BB.L08.I04
Interaction /
04. Analyze the economic, geographic, religious and political factors that contributed to:
  • The enslavement of Africans in North America;
  • Resistance to slavery.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G06-08.BB.L08.I05
Interaction /
05. Describe the historical limitations on participation of women in U.S. society and their efforts to gain equal rights.

6-8 Benchmark
C. Explain how contact between different cultures impacts the diffusion of belief systems, art, science, technology, language and forms of government.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G06-08.BC.L08.I06
Diffusion /
06. Explain how the diverse peoples of the United States developed a common national identity.

Grade Level:Grade Nine
9-10 Benchmark
A. Analyze the influence of different cultural perspectives on the actions of groups.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G09-10.BA.L09.I01
Cultures /
01. Analyze examples of how people in different cultures view events from different perspectives including:
  • Creation of the state of Israel;
  • Partition of India and Pakistan;
  • Reunification of Germany;
  • End of apartheid in South Africa.

9-10 Benchmark
B. Analyze the consequences of oppression, discrimination and conflict between cultures.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G09-10.BB.L09.I02
Interaction /
02. Analyze the results of political, economic, and social oppression and the violation of human rights including:
  • The exploitation of indigenous peoples;
  • The Holocaust and other acts of genocide, including those that have occurred in Armenia, Rwanda, Bosnia and Iraq.

9-10 Benchmark
C. Analyze the ways that contacts between people of different cultures result in exchanges of cultural practices.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G09-10.BC.L09.I03
Diffusion /
03. Explain how advances in communication and transportation have impacted:
  • Globalization;
  • Cooperation and conflict;
  • The environment;
  • Collective security;
  • Popular culture;
  • Political systems;
  • Religion.

Grade Level:Grade Ten
9-10 Benchmark
A. Analyze the influence of different cultural perspectives on the actions of groups.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G09-10.BA.L10.I01
Cultures /
01. Describe how the perspectives of cultural groups helped to create political action groups such as:
  • The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP);
  • National Organization for Women (NOW);
  • American Indian Movement (AIM);
  • United Farm Workers.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G09-10.BA.L10.I02
Cultures /
02. Analyze the perspectives that are evident in African-American, American Indian and Latino art, music, literature and media and how these contributions reflect and shape culture in the United States.

9-10 Benchmark
B. Analyze the consequences of oppression, discrimination and conflict between cultures.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G09-10.BB.L10.I03
Interaction /
03. Explain how Jim Crow laws legalized discrimination based on race.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G09-10.BB.L10.I04
Interaction /
04. Analyze the struggle for racial and gender equality and its impact on the changing status of minorities since the late 19 th century.

9-10 Benchmark
C. Analyze the ways that contacts between people of different cultures result in exchanges of cultural practices.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G09-10.BC.L10.I05
Diffusion /
05. Explain the effects of immigration on society in the United States:
  • Housing patterns;
  • Political affiliation;
  • Education system;
  • Language;
  • Labor practices;
  • Religion.

Grade Level:Grade Eleven
11-12 Benchmark
A. Analyze how issues may be viewed differently by various cultural groups.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G11-12.BA.L11.I01
Cultures /
01. Choose a government policy or program and analyze how it has affected and been received by one or more racial, ethnic or religious groups:
  • Indian policies;
  • Immigration laws;
  • Segregation policies;
  • Selective service laws.

11-12 Benchmark
B. Identify the causes of political, economic and social oppression and analyze ways individuals, organizations and countries respond to resulting conflicts.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G11-12.BB.L11.I02
Interaction /
02. Identify causes of prejudice and demonstrate ways in which legal protections (including constitutional amendments and civil rights legislation) prevent and reduce discrimination.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G11-12.BB.L11.I03
Interaction /
03. Identify and analyze governmental policies that enable individuals of different cultures to participate in the U.S. society and economy including:
  • Naturalization;
  • Voting rights;
  • Racial integration;
  • Affirmative action.

11-12 Benchmark
C. Explain the role of diverse cultural institutions in shaping American society.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G11-12.BC.L11.I04
Diffusion /
04. Explain how the United States has been affected politically, economically and socially by its multicultural diversity (e.g., work force, new ideas and perspectives, and modifications to culture).

Grade Level:Grade Twelve
11-12 Benchmark
A. Analyze how issues may be viewed differently by various cultural groups.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G11-12.BA.L12.I01
Cultures /
01. Identify the perspectives of diverse cultural groups when analyzing current issues.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G11-12.BA.L12.I02
Cultures /
02. Analyze proposed solutions to current issues from the perspectives of diverse cultural groups.

11-12 Benchmark
B. Identify the causes of political, economic and social oppression and analyze ways individuals, organizations and countries respond to resulting conflicts.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G11-12.BB.L12.I03
Interaction /
03. Analyze ways countries and organizations respond to conflicts between forces of unity and forces of diversity (e.g., English only/bilingual education, theocracies/religious freedom, immigration quotas/open immigration policy, single-sex schools/coeducation).
Y2003.CSS.S02.G11-12.BB.L12.I04
Interaction /
04. Evaluate the effectiveness of international governmental organizations (e.g., United Nations, European Union, World Court and Organization of American States), multinational corporations, and nongovernmental organizations (e.g., Amnesty International, Red Cross and World Council of Churches) in the global arena.

11-12 Benchmark
C. Explain the role of diverse cultural institutions in shaping American society.
Y2003.CSS.S02.G11-12.BC.L12.I05
Diffusion /
05. Evaluate the role of institutions in guiding, transmitting, preserving and changing culture.


All Academic Content Standards in PDF format (2.3 MB - 803 pages)
All Academic Content Standards in Excel format (2.1 MB - 7148 rows)


Last Updated on June 29, 2007

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